Professional members can edit: Biography, logo, address, phone number.
DNN does not currently have a way to restrict/show profile fields by role (good idea though...). Since Active Social depend on the DNN profile fields there is not a way I"m aware of to hide fields during profile registration/maintenance through AS.
One option might be to use something like Dynamic Registration for Reg and Maintenance....which allows you to build rules on various parameters including DNN roles. AS would still "read" these values since both modules would still be using the core profile fields.
As far as display goes. I don't think the templates support conditional concepts like [INROLE:Professional Member] show some content [/INROLE:Professional Member]. However, views like the profile info will skip empty profile fields, so if you prevent them from being filled out on the front end....
I know there was some talk about profile types coming up but I don't know if that's planned for 6.0 or not and if it can be related to roles.